Firmware
Firmware is low level system software, which provides access and control to a computing device hardware and hardware abstraction layers to the computing device operating system. Depending on the complexity of a computing device, there may be devices with lower complexity, such as IoT devices and sensors, which do not need a full operating system as such and only make use of firmware, as a substitute of an operating system. Firmware runs in non-volatile memory chips. One common example of firmware is BIOS and UEFI. Firmware can be updated by using a specific procedure defined by each hardware manufacturer.
